Water supply system in the country: for seasonal or year-round use, features, diagrams, installation steps, photos and videos
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In most cases, to make plumbing in a private house, you need to drill a well.
Among summer residents, pumping stations are very popular, which can supply water from wells, wells, springs. Modern technologies make it possible to make any country house as comfortable as possible and equip it with an autonomous water supply system. The water supply of a country house is carried out by several methods, the main condition for it is the presence of a well and a pump that can pump the necessary amount of water for the whole house, outbuildings, irrigation and housekeeping.
All season or summer option
There are two types of water supply for a summer cottage, it is selected depending on the needs of the owner of the house and the depth of the water.
Simplified or Summer. Suitable for those who come to the country only in the period from spring to autumn. You can do without capital and expensive water supply and make a stationary or collapsible version. Using a collapsible water supply system, communications can be laid on the surface, and then they can be disassembled and removed for the winter. For stationary installation, the simplest technologies are also used, silicone or rubber pipes, which are buried under a slope to a depth of 1 m and remain there permanently, collapsible cranes are brought out at the necessary points. The only requirement is to drain the water from the pipes of the system so that the pipeline is not damaged due to frost.
Such a system is suitable only for temporary residence, if it is planned to relax in the country house in winter, you need a more reliable water supply
Winter or all season. The development of this option is more complex, costly in time and money. The slope of the relief and the maximum depth of soil freezing are taken into account. To supply water, a pump is used that can produce the optimal pressure, experts can calculate this. Pipes are laid at an angle in the direction of groundwater at a depth of at least 20 cm below the freezing point of the ground. When using heaters, pipes can be located at a depth of up to 30 cm from the surface. Insulation is required for wells and pumps. It must be remembered that there are models of stations, the placement of which is possible only in a room with a positive temperature all year round.
It is important to remember that insulation is also required for the entire sewer system, which is located outside the heated premises.
Insulation is required not only for pipes, but also for the well
Sources of water supply
It is very important to make the right decision when choosing a source of water so that it is convenient, and the water is as clean and safe as possible.
Well. A simple, well-known, inexpensive and old option for providing water. You can equip it only if there is a suitable layer of water. It should be at a depth of up to 15m. The well can provide water for up to 50 years, it is possible to get it even without electricity. However, the well requires periodic cleaning, dirty water from the surface gets into it, therefore, high-quality insulation of all joints is necessary.
Well. There are several types of wells. The first - "on the sand", takes water from the upper layers, a depth of up to 50 m, a reserve of up to 500 l / h, it will last about five years. Filters are often clogged, if there is an underground river, then the filters do not clog, the system will last at least 20 years, and the source is inexhaustible. The second - "artesian", supplies water from layers located at a depth of up to 1000 m and even more. The water is clean, the supply can be from 1500 l / h and not even limited.
Two schemes for arranging a well to provide water at home
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".
In private houses, they are rarely made with a maximum depth of up to 135 m, since wells require special permission and rather expensive registration, and the arrangement itself can take up to a month. The advantages of such wells include the fact that ground or upland waters do not enter them, the service life is about 50 years. The downside is the need to carry out a series of calculations in order to choose the right equipment.
Spring. In some areas there are springs used to provide high quality, clean water. The peculiarity of such a source is its almost inexhaustible supply of water and good performance, however, they are very rare.
Central water supply. If there is a central highway nearby, then you can connect to it. This will provide sufficient water pressure, but it will not always be a good cleaning. To connect, you need to submit an application, a project and obtain permission from the sanitary and epidemiological station. This may take several months and will be quite expensive, and these will not be one-time expenses - you will have to pay for the used water, as in an apartment. All connection work is carried out only by employees of the water utility.
Centralized water supply may be convenient, but periodically you will have to pass controllers to the counters
Given all the features of each option, most owners of summer cottages, residents of the private sector choose to drill a well.
Features of the water supply system
A standard water supply system contains certain elements:
source;
pipeline;
station/pump;
valves, filters;
auxiliary equipment;
boiler, water heater;
house wiring, collector.
The pipeline can be changed according to the configuration or scheme. Be sure to take into account the type of water source and the pump used.
Even the concept of autonomous water supply looks quite complicated.
Water supply scheme
To make high-quality water supply, a water supply scheme for a country house is being developed. At this stage, certain preparatory activities are carried out:
an accurate and detailed water supply plan is drawn up;
procurement and procurement of parts;
preparatory work is being carried out on the site and in the house.
Only after that you can start laying and mounting pipes. It is better to entrust the work to qualified specialists.
Work begins with the development of a detailed plan in several projections. It takes into account the plan of the site with buildings, the depth of soil freezing, the slope of the relief, the occurrence of groundwater, communications (if they already exist), water intake points, and the number of consumers. The drawing will help calculate the number of fittings and pipe footage. When purchasing a material, it is necessary to make a stock of 10% of the required total quantity. The required number of fittings and connecting elements is recorded so as not to forget anything and not to make mistakes during installation. The depth of laying the pipeline on the street must be 20 cm below the freezing point of the soil.
Video description
Providing a house with water will not do without the selection of a pumping station. About the nuances of choice, see this video:
Features of choosing a pump or station
One of the key tasks for high-quality water supply is the right choice of equipment, it can be surface or submersible. An ideal option for a summer residence would be a station that includes a relay, a hydraulic accumulator, a pump and a supply hose.
A popular model is a station with a centrifugal ejector and a self-priming pump. Water is supplied from a depth of up to 9 m, but to a height of up to 40 m. Installation can be carried out in a caisson, pit or in a room near the source. Such models are chosen due to the presence of all the necessary additional equipment in one set. Naturally, the cost of the station is more than simple pumps. However, the pumping station gives users more options. Models with an external ejector are used for sources up to 45 m deep, located far enough from the premises. They are mounted indoors, the model is sensitive to the presence of air in the system, the station itself is sometimes located in the house, and the ejector is located near the source, but no further than 40 m from the building. An important indicator of the pump is the suction height - 45 m.
Video description
What you need to remember when choosing a pump, clearly in the following video:
Before choosing a station, it is necessary to clarify the performance of the source used, the resulting pressure, level, and find out the volume of water consumed. It must be remembered that the performance of the device is necessarily lower than the capabilities of the source used, but more than the planned consumption. Additionally, possible pressure losses are taken into account. After that, it is necessary to study the parameters of the station, the possibility of installing a filter and installing a check valve.
In order not to worry about the correct choice of equipment, the easiest way is to contact a construction company that offers. This is a complex construction of a house, which includes all the necessary calculations of engineering networks.
Station connection
The pump connection is carried out in the caisson or building. A valve is placed in the caisson, and other elements are placed in the room. When using a well near the house, a station with a low suction head can be used, but only if there is a sufficient level in the well. For distant and deep wells, a pump with an external ejector is required, it is immersed in the well, and the station itself is located in a building that is heated, even in the coldest temperatures not lower than +2 ° C. Before entering the pump, a drain cock, valve, filter is placed, after - a filter, a hydraulic accumulator, water treatment systems.
Video description
How the pumping station is connected is shown in the following video:
System arrangement
The implementation of the system begins with the development of the source, the installation of all necessary equipment.
The water supply of the country house from the well is carried out with the preparation of trenches, a certain slope is made, it is directed to the source. Be sure to fill up the bottom of the pit 15 cm of any sand. It is necessary to avoid possible bends and do everything in a straight line. So that the pipeline does not freeze in the cold, it is located below the freezing point of the earth. If the pipe is laid higher, then a high-quality insulation is used. Pipes with a diameter of 32 mm from various materials can be installed, the main thing is that they do not crack from frost, a drain valve is installed at the turn to the well. In the 2nd ring of the well itself, a hole is made for a pipe that is immersed in water. The pipe is located no closer than 30 cm to the bottom, a mesh filter is placed inside, the pipe itself is attached to a pin driven into the bottom. The hole is waterproofed in the ring, along the perimeter there is a clay castle: its layer should be 40 cm at a distance of 1.5 m, the pipe is covered with a 15 cm layer of sand, then soil.
Regardless of the source of water used, the piping scheme around the house will be quite complex and must be carefully calculated.
System installation
The water supply system in the country is impossible without laying pipes along the section that are directed to the prepared collector at a slope to the source, valves are mounted there, and then pipes of smaller diameter are connected that lead to the points. To create a wiring, pipes from various materials can be used. For hot liquid, a boiler / water heater is used, which are also connected to the collector, but from the other side.
In addition to the water supply system, it is necessary to consider a wastewater drainage system. Previously, cesspools were used, requiring periodic cleaning. Today, a septic tank is offered: it purifies the water in stages in sealed chambers, except for the last one. The simplest option is a septic tank of several rings. The essence of the system is that it cleans wastewater from solid particles and drains it into water into the ground. When using special tools, cleaning is better. The system is cleaned once every few years.
Special pumps are also used for septic tanks.
At each dacha, you can equip a high-quality and durable water supply system of a summer or winter type. To create it, pipes from various materials are used, and the basis of the water supply system is a source and a pump. The source can be a well, spring, well. In some cases, it is possible to connect to the water supply. Before buying a pump, it is necessary to take into account its characteristics and capabilities, attention is paid to its lifting capacity, the distribution of liquid among consumers. One of the important points is the source of water, which also affects the choice of device.
Plumbing design is best done at the planning stage of the house.
Conclusion
Remember that working with specialists is very important and essential. They will help to correctly calculate the required materials and features of the source. This is the only way to guarantee a high-quality and constant supply of water and avoid miscalculations. Specialists pay special attention to the choice of a pumping station, because it is bought for a long time and should work almost around the clock and without interruption. If you think through all the nuances well, then the houses in the summer cottage will be provided with a year-round supply of clean water.
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