Do-it-yourself wiring of water supply pipes in the country
The organization of water supply and sewerage in the country is a very important issue. It is from the solution of this problem that the comfort of living in a summer house and the availability of an irrigation system for the site will depend. During the initial design, you need to determine whether you will use it in the winter or everything will be limited only to the summer. The depth of pipe laying depends on this, because at sub-zero temperatures they can burst from the presence of ice inside.
It is best to use polyethylene pipes, and the wiring diagram should be prepared in advance. It will depend on the source of water supply and the method of transporting it to the place of consumption. Installation of such a system can be done by yourself or entrusted to professionals.
How to make plumbing in the country from a well: a scheme for laying plastic pipes
Before you conduct plumbing in the country, you should decide where the water will come from. If you chose a well as a source of water supply, because of its low cost compared to a well, then the pipeline is best made underground. But first, you need to find a place where there will be enough water. To do this, using a hand drill, a recess of up to two meters is made, inside which a drainage pump is placed. Depending on the volume of incoming water, you can determine its power. If enough liquid is collected, then the hole is dug in diameter and concrete rings are placed inside.
The layout of the water supply in the country begins with a pipe coming out of the well, it is located at its very bottom, parallel to the ground level. After its withdrawal and sealing of the joints, you can proceed to digging trenches. A marking is made on the ground, which corresponds to a scheme thought out in advance, and the excavation begins on it.
Pipes for water supply in the country are used plastic or PVC. In the modern version, they are quite resistant to pressure drops and even withstand several freezing seasons. To create pressure in such a system, a pump must be laid, but it is placed in a separate room. The less environmental impact, the better.
The water supply scheme may include not only a country house, but also watering the site. Pipes for its organization are buried shallowly, but before the onset of frost they must be freed from water.
Winter and summer water supply in the country: differences in the device and pipe insulation
Do-it-yourself country water supply is easiest to make from hoses that will lie on the surface of the earth. In this case, it will be called summer, because at the end of autumn they are rolled up and put in the pantry until it warms up in the spring. The most convenient for connection are plastic fittings, which have special "Christmas trees" on them, the hoses are simply put on in one motion. The pipes themselves are made of durable rubber and with proper care will serve you for years. The main thing is to wind them in neat bays without inflection areas during storage.
Country water supply from plastic pipes is more resistant to weather conditions and can even be buried in the ground. The standard service life of such material is more than fifty years. Pipes are absolutely not subject to corrosion or other chemical influences. Do not forget that to avoid freezing, pipes should be at a level of 1-2 meters underground. In this case, the operation of the water supply will be available all year round.
If you want to avoid the hassle of digging deep trenches for winter plumbing in the country, then get an electric heating cable. True, when using it, electricity bills can increase significantly. Another simple way out of this situation can be the insulation of the water supply in the country. As an insulating material, merylon can be used, which has a different diameter and tightly covers the pipe with the right selection. If it is not there, then get glass wool, it is also used in hot water systems.
gidpostroyki.ru
Do-it-yourself water distribution in a private house and in the country
Properly executed water distribution in a city apartment or a private house provides a high level of comfort.
In a comfortable apartment, the presence of a bathroom and cold water is considered the norm.
It is impossible to do without water for irrigation in the country.
Water supply of a private house
In a private house, which was built according to a modern project, cold and hot water delivery mechanisms are provided.
On the site adjacent to the house, as a rule, a certain landscape is formed and a place is allocated for a traditional vegetable garden.
These objects require abundant moisture for watering.
You can not do without water and in the bath, which must be on the estate without fail.
Water for all needs (for the bathroom, irrigation, in the bath, etc.) is taken from various sources.
Where does the water in the living quarters come from?
A person living in a city apartment does not think about how and where the water comes from in the bathroom. Similarly, in the bath, where there are no problems with hot water.
Things are different in the countryside. Here, the owner of the site, often - has to mount the piping for irrigation with his own hands.
Technically savvy summer residents use a manifold for distributing pipes and hoses, instead of the usual tees.
Each gardener, laying pipes around the site, knows from which source water comes for irrigation.
There are four main sources of water:
- open reservoir;
- centralized water supply network;
- wells;
- wells.
Wells, as sources of water, are mostly a thing of the past. They continue to be used mainly as a backup source and as a decorative element in landscape design.
In a modern private house, most often water is pumped from a well. As a rule, such a water supply scheme is used for estates that are located outside the city limits.
If the house or cottage is built in the immediate vicinity of engineering networks, then it is technically easier to "crash" into the existing highway.
In this case, significant investments in drilling and well construction will not be required.
Centralized source
If there is no water in the apartment of a multi-storey building, then the residents call the control room of the water utility and find out when normal water supply will resume.
In the same way, people living in a private house have to act. It is impossible to correct the situation with your own hands in such a situation. The bathroom cannot be used. Wash dishes too.
When deciding to connect to a centralized water supply network, this must be remembered.
It should also be taken into account that in this case it will not be necessary to deal with drilling a well, acquiring expensive equipment and organizational issues. There will be less hassle.
decentralized source
Among the sources of this type are rivers, lakes, wells and wells. If there is no natural reservoir in the district, then it is necessary to carry out geological research on the site.
This is done in order to find the aquifer and determine its depth. It is more convenient and cheaper to make the well located in the basement of the house.
With such an arrangement of the source, it is much easier to mount the pipeline wiring around the site, as is done in the country. In summer, a lot of water is required for irrigation and in any season it is needed in the bathhouse.
The debit of the well must be higher than the volume of water that is consumed in a private house and other places.
Current water supply schemes
How to make plumbing in a private house?
If we approach the topic in principle, then the plumbing scheme in a private house has much in common with how water is distributed in an ordinary apartment of a multi-storey building.
To do this, you can install a pump with your own hands, which creates a pressure of two to three atmospheres.
On the fifth floor and above, the water supply for the bathroom and other needs is carried out by more powerful pumps.
It follows from this comparison that plastic pipes can be used in a private house, which are more technologically advanced and much cheaper than metal pipes.
The connection scheme for water fittings is of two types:
- collector;
- consistent.
The sequential circuit is the simplest in terms of the principle of operation. It is often mounted in the house, and in the bath, and in the country. Installation work, in order to save money, you can do it yourself.
And in the bath, and also, if there is a need, in the apartment - the main pipe is laid. Tees crash into it, at pre-marked places.
From a specific tee, a pipe or hose is laid to the water heater or to the shower, or to the washbasin. This connection scheme allows you to get by with a minimum of pipes.
However, the pressure of water in the system will decrease with distance from the source. At the most remote connection, the pressure will be the weakest.
This situation is familiar to people who live in an apartment on the upper floors of high-rise buildings. The collector circuit is devoid of such shortcomings.
The collector is a device for uniform distribution of water between consumers.
Collector piping has a more complex configuration.
Its cost is higher than with serial laying. Higher because more linear meters of pipe are required for installation. With all this, the collector provides a better water supply.
Collector system in the apartment
Modern apartments have a free layout and often occupy two levels. In this case, the water distribution scheme is developed individually.
You can install pipelines and install plumbing fixtures in the bathroom with your own hands. However, it is preferable to entrust these responsible works to professionals.
It is not recommended to install a collector, and maybe more than one, without proper experience. In this case, the risk of flooding neighbors from below increases.
To avoid such troubles, plastic pipes are connected with a special welding machine. In the country, for watering the beds, hoses connected by wire couplings are used.
When installing a pipeline in a city apartment, such connection methods are not suitable.
To make a strong connection, a special tool is used - scissors, napkins for cleaning grease, nozzles of the appropriate diameter.
Such a connection reliably serves in circuits for supplying both cold and hot water.
Material selection
When laying a pipeline from a well to a house or bath, it is preferable to choose from plastic. Polypropylene pipes are widely used in the country and increasingly in the apartment.
They are easy to install and their price, in comparison with pipes made of other materials, is low. The collector is made of copper or brass. Rarely stainless steel.
It is used to distribute both cold and hot water. In the apartment, for the bathroom, you can make a reliable wiring with your own hands from copper pipes.
In the country or in the bath, such a luxury is simply not needed. When planning the execution of certain works, you need to properly use the available opportunities.
Steel pipes continue to serve for water supply in the country, in an apartment and in a private house.
For laying a steel line, along the section from the well and to any point with your own hands, you will need to use a welding machine.
And, plus to it, considerable physical efforts. Practice shows that some owners of private properties prefer to use traditional materials.
Both in the bathroom and in the country, plastic structures are extremely rare. At the same time, a copper collector is considered a completely acceptable option.
Do-it-yourself installation is quite within the power of a person who is familiar with the installation rules.
The specifics of installation work
Before proceeding with the installation work in the house or in the country, it is necessary to purchase all the necessary devices, materials and components.
An exhaustive list is contained in the project documentation. To install in the bathroom - you need the bath itself and a faucet.
The collector is installed in the room where the water distribution unit is located. All pipes and adapters must be properly assembled so that there is no confusion during installation.
When laying the pipeline along the section from the well to the bath, you need to carefully check the quality of the pipe connection.
When performing work inside the house - pipes, a collector, valves are attached to pre-designated places.
The pipeline laying scheme is designed so that there are as few transitions “through” the wall as possible. This also applies to the bathroom and other rooms.
When the collector is attached, there should be a distance of 20–25 mm between it and the wall.
One of the laws of hydrodynamics says - the fewer turns and angles in the line, the less pressure loss.
It is desirable to observe this rule both when laying the line from the well to the bath, and when installing pipes indoors.
It is also preferable to mount the collector on a straight section of the pipeline.
By following all the installation instructions, as well as following the advice of experienced professionals, all water distribution work in a private house will be performed with high quality.
stoydiz.ru
Do-it-yourself plumbing in a private house, video, diagrams
In a private house, water can be supplied in two main ways:
- through private sources;
- through the central water supply.
The first method involves the supply of water from wells or wells, which are located on the site of a private house. This material contains videos, photographs, as well as diagrams that will help you make the water supply in a private house or in the country with your own hands. We will analyze how the wiring is performed, and what is needed for this.
Interesting: sometimes the source can be a lake or a river. But today it is practically impossible to meet such a water supply system, since all water bodies located near enterprises are polluted. The way out can be a special treatment complex.
Water supply from a private source
Installation of water supply in the country should begin with checking whether private water sources comply with sanitary standards, be it a well or a well. This also applies to large reservoirs from which it is planned to draw a resource. The well is considered the most reliable, as it functions in any conditions. Turned off the electricity? We raise water on buckets with our own hands! In other cases, the work is done by electric pumps.
Nothing will stop you from equipping this beauty with electric pumps.
If long-term work on the well does not attract, then as an alternative, you can make a well with your own hands. Usually it is performed in the basement of the building. The main plus is that there is no need to lay pipes from the well to the main water supply system. You also get a strong pressure, because electric pumps pump liquid from close range. Such a source of water also has its drawback - the well is flooded, as a result, every 3-5 years a thorough cleaning is necessary.
Depending on the amount of water, the possibilities of wells differ. In standard cases, the owners create a well, the width of which is 10-15 centimeters. Such a system allows you to receive liquid using an electric pump, but you will not be able to raise several liters of water with your own hands.
It looks like a water supply system installed in the basement of a private house. The scheme is quite simple, so the well is cheaper than the well.
If power outages occur in your area, it is recommended to install a water tank in advance. The volume depends on the number of tenants, but the more the better. As for artesian wells, they are too rare in a private house or country house.
Central water supply system
The central sewerage and water supply system has a lot of advantages. You do not need to spend money on the pumping station and the units themselves. Also, you do not need a storage tank for liquid. As for the purity of the supplied water and its pressure, these indicators will be taken care of by the organization that provides the water resource for the facilities. Also, an enterprise can be of a state type, in simple words - a housing office. In this case, the sewerage and water supply system may work unstably: additional bills for pipe repairs, rust, low pressure.
The photo shows a large-scale system that provides water to an entire microdistrict.
When choosing a centralized sewerage system, you do not have to deal with digging trenches for pipes, creating a well, etc. You need to send an application to an organization that works in your sector. After obtaining a permit, work begins: special equipment prepares trenches for pipes, laying is carried out, meters are installed.
Important: before contacting such an organization, you need to study the reviews. If the water is supplied to other houses cleanly, without pressure drops, then you should choose a centralized network, in other cases you will be laying pipes and creating a sewerage system with your own hands.
Charting
To make the scheme correct, you must have the skills of drawing and mathematics. If there is no experience in this matter, then it is better to turn to professionals who make plans.
So, you are ready to lay the water supply and make a sewer system with your own hands. You have studied the area and know what type of water supply is right for you. The next step will be the scheme - this is one of the most important points in creating a sewerage system in a private house, cottage or country house.
The schema must contain the following elements:
- collectors;
- filters;
- boilers;
- pumps;
- pipe size;
- pipeline path;
- distances between elements.
What is the most important thing in a diagram? Of course, this is piping. They can be connected in two ways: using a collector or in series. As for the first method, separate pipes go from the collector to consumers in a private house or in the country. The main advantage of installing a collector is a uniform pressure in all areas of the building. There are also disadvantages - high cost due to the large number of pipes.
Scheme of the pipeline with a collector.
A consistent method of connecting sewerage and water supply is recommended for small cottages. This scheme contains the main pipeline equipped with tees for each water consumer. If there are too many consumers in a private house or in the country, then the pressure indicator will constantly fall.
Construction with main piping.
Circuit example
You can study the features from the video and photo, consider the scheme where the pipe with water leads to the treatment system. This is done to ensure that consumers receive liquid suitable for consumption. Behind the treatment complex is a tee that distributes water flows to different consumers. The pipe that will supply hot water goes to the heating element, and the cold pipe is connected directly to the collector.
A simple diagram allows you to understand how the water supply system works for a private house and for a summer residence.
Next, you need to put shut-off valves on the lines to consumers. Elements are mounted from the collector. The "hot" pipe goes from the heater to a separate collector designed for hot water. After it comes the piping of the building.
How is the installation and wiring
The differences between internal and external piping correspond to the difference between hidden and open wiring. If external wiring is selected, then the pipes will go through the house, in the case of a closed one, the elements will be placed inside the decoration of a private house and its walls. Also today you can make a semi-hidden version, in which the pipeline is installed in the box. They can be pasted over or painted in the same color as the walls. Also, the box can be left completely unfinished.
The water supply scheme in a private house or in the country is the most difficult moment, since the scheme is drawn up individually for each object. The water supply must be properly connected to the sewerage system. You will have to work on the walls with your own hands if you need hidden wiring. The fluid flow rate of each water intake point and the power of the well are the two main indicators that must be calculated before starting the process.
In addition to videos and photos, the advice of experienced builders always helps in the work:
- Shut-off valves should be evenly distributed throughout the system, which will come in handy in an emergency to quickly shut off the flow of water.
- It is best to fasten pipes in a private house or in the country with a threaded connection.
- Fittings, fixtures and splitters must be the same if they are installed in the same system.
- You can pass the walls in a private house with the help of gaskets that protect the material from corrosion, damage, abrasions and other adverse factors.
- There are drain taps throughout the system, when mounting them, make a slight bias towards the elements. This feature is needed so that the liquid does not accumulate in the pipeline.
- Buy fittings, seals, gaskets, tapes, fasteners and other items with a margin. If everything is the same in the system, then in the event of a breakdown, you can immediately replace the part.
- The fewer bends, the better. Each of them reduces the pressure in the sewerage and pipeline system in a private house or in the country.
Polypropylene pipe welding
Polypropylene elements are considered the most reliable of the pipes for giving. Polypropylene pipes are welded on the machine. The process is specific, so you should read the following instructions when welding polypropylene pipes:
- We need to get segments, for this we need to cut the pipes with special scissors.
- Welding points should be marked and cleaned with an alcohol wipe.
- Next, select a suitable nozzle for polypropylene pipes, set the desired temperature and start the unit.
- We are waiting for the heating of the welding machine, after which it is possible to push the segments of the house of marks onto the welding nozzles. It is not necessary to rotate the pipes.
The welder looks like this:
soldering of polypropylene pipes
Pipeline Care
The secret to the efficient and stable operation of the sewer along with the pipeline is simple - breakdowns must be eliminated immediately after they are detected. If the break in the pipe is small, then a rubber gasket can temporarily solve the problem. Also, in emergency situations, cold welding saves. Got a fistula? We make drilling and screw in the bolt (only suitable for new pipes).
jsnip.ru
Do-it-yourself installation and wiring of plumbing in a private house
Do-it-yourself plumbing in a private house can be carried out from a central water supply or from a well (well). The principles of its creation, the main components of the system in each of these cases do not actually differ.
Choosing a wiring diagram
There are two ways to supply water to consumption points, and the choice of a do-it-yourself water distribution scheme in a private house depends on the parameters of the system, as well as on the intensity of water consumption (permanent or periodic residence, number of residents, etc.).
serial connection
Such a connection is also called a tee. Faucet, shower and other points are connected in series. This method requires the use of fewer materials (pipes, fittings, etc.), therefore it is cheaper.
The disadvantage of a serial connection when distributing a water supply system is the likelihood of a decrease in pressure at the most remote points with the simultaneous use of several water intake points.
collector connection
A collector (or parallel) connection is the organization of a collector (or two collectors - hot and cold water supply), to which the lines leading to each water intake point are connected. To implement such a scheme, more pipes will be required, but its principle of operation allows for stable pressure.
Tee and collector water distribution schemes in the house
There are additional nuances when choosing the principle of water supply. Do-it-yourself installation of a water supply system in a private house can be done in two ways:
- "Deaf" lines ending in a dead end (stub). Such a plumbing scheme in the house is more economical, however, when hot water is supplied, it can create some inconvenience - when opening the tap, you must wait a certain time until the liquid reaches the plug, and only after that hot water will appear in the tap.
- Circulation closed lines are more practical and convenient, however, the implementation of such a project will require not only more pipes, but also a special circulation pump.
Experts recognize the most rational combined option, in which the "blind" distribution of cold water is combined with a hot water circulation line.
The main nodes of the scheme
The water distribution scheme in a private house, or rather, that part of it that is responsible for supplying water to the house, consists of the following main components:
- pumping unit for a well or well,
- nipple (adapter),
- anti-backflow check valve,
- pipeline,
- filtration equipment (one or more different filters depending on water quality),
- stop valve,
- accumulator,
- pyaternik (fitting) for connecting the main elements and devices (pressure gauge, pressure switch, pipes).
The sequence of the water supply scheme
In order to visualize how water is distributed in a private house with your own hands, you can consider the course of communications from the source to the end point.
1. An individual water unit (well or well) is equipped with pumping equipment, the choice of which is carried out according to the following principles:
- for deep artesian wells, only submersible pumps can be used,
- for narrow channels and casing pipes - only surface units, including pumping stations,
- in other cases, the choice between submersible and outdoor equipment is made depending on the technical characteristics of specific models and operating conditions.
2. The pipeline that brings water to the house is usually laid underground. The depth of the trench is usually chosen taking into account the depth of soil freezing in a given region. As an additional protection against freezing, communications are supplied with a heat-insulating layer.
Conducting water supply to the house from a well with a caisson
3. The entry point of the pipeline into the house deserves special attention.
- Firstly, the hole for the pipe is made with a large margin - a gap of at least 150 mm on all sides. This avoids deformation and destruction of communications if, over time, the wall begins to sag or deform.
- Secondly, a small section of the pipe, located between underground and protected ground communications and internal wiring in a warm room, is in the open air. In this place, the risk of freezing of the pipeline is highest, so good thermal insulation is required.
4. The hydraulic accumulator and control devices are usually installed in the basement, basement or on the first floor near the entry point of the pipeline into the house. Purely technically, it would be more correct to place such equipment at the highest point, however, from the point of view of practicality and ease of use, the lower levels are more suitable. You should only take into account the need to raise water to the upper floors when setting the pressure switch.
The hydraulic accumulator is designed to stabilize the pressure in communications and prevent frequent switching on (and, accordingly, rapid wear) of pumping equipment.
The control and monitoring unit includes a pressure gauge, a pressure switch and a dry-running switch, which prevents air entrapment and the formation of air locks in the system when the water level in the well or well decreases.
5. Filter systems are completed, depending on the need, with devices for:
After that, the plumbing is done in a private house with your own hands according to the chosen scheme. For a collector circuit, it might look like this:
- Immediately after the accumulator is a tee along with a stopcock. The tee divides the flow of water into two directions - to the house and for other needs (watering, washing the car, etc.);
- A deep filter is connected;
- Next comes the tee, from which the distribution of water pipes in a private house is divided into a pipe for cold water, which immediately goes to the cold water collector, and a pipe through which water will go to a boiler or other water heater for heating. After heating, the water is sent to the hot water collector.
Important: When installing water supply in a private house with your own hands according to the collector scheme, it is necessary to install shut-off valves at each point of water consumption.
Pipe selection
Communications diameter
When conducting a water supply system to a private house with your own hands, a correctly selected pipe diameter will ensure cost-effectiveness at the installation stage of the system, as well as avoid unpleasant noise when water moves through communications.
To calculate the parameters of lines supplying water to consumption points, the starting point is the total length of each line:
- for a branch with a length of less than 10 meters, pipes with a diameter of 16-20 mm can be used,
- for branches about 30 meters - with a diameter of 25 mm,
- for the longest lines over 30 meters, pipes with a maximum diameter of 32 mm are required.
Important: Particular attention should be paid to the choice of the diameter of the collector pipe. Insufficient value can cause malfunctions in the system.
The distribution of water in a private house from the collector is calculated based on the fact that each tap has a throughput of about 5 liters per minute. After that, it is roughly calculated how much water is taken simultaneously from all points at peak moments and the diameter of the collector is chosen:
- 25 mm for a flow rate of 30 l/min,
- 32 mm for 50 l,
- 38 mm for 75 l.
Pipe material
Laying a water pipe in a private house allows the use of pipes made of various materials, each of which has its own advantages, disadvantages and operating features.
If you decide to stop at polypropylene, it will be useful for you to know how to weld polypropylene pipes.
Read more about the difference between collector and tee plumbing schemes here.
Since you will need coarse water filters, we advise you to familiarize yourself with their types.
In order for the system to work flawlessly, it is important to know how to properly install plumbing in a private house with your own hands. This concept can include both the basic principles regulated by building codes and regulations, as well as some of the nuances and subtleties known to experienced craftsmen.
- Ideally, the pipeline should not pass through building structures, however, in practice, the creation of such a scheme is often impossible or impractical. If it is necessary to conduct communications through the wall, the pipe must be placed in a protective glass.
- Despite the fact that the owner of the house almost always wants to get the maximum free space and for this "press" the pipeline from the wall, there must be a gap of at least 25 mm between the building structures and the communications running parallel to them for easy repair work. The contour of the inner corner requires a distance of 40 mm, and the outer 15 mm.
- If there are drain valves on the pipelines or the hydraulic accumulator, a slight slope is made in their direction.
- The most convenient way to fix the pipeline to the walls is with special clips. You can choose single or double devices, the distance between them in any case should be about 2 meters.
When deciding how to make water distribution in a private house, remember that a well-executed internal water supply system has characteristic differences:
- Minimum joints and adapters. This improves the reliability and efficiency of the system.
- All connections are made in strict accordance with the installation technology of this particular type of pipe.
- The presence of valves or shut-off valves in critical areas of the system and at connection points.
- The minimum number of not too reliable flexible sections for connection (hose connections), which are most vulnerable to pressure drops. What can be done from pallets for giving with your own hands