At what temperature does reed grow. Reeds: photo, recommendations for care, average price. Features of growing reeds in open ground
There are artificial reservoirs in many dachas and almost every cottage owner. It is beautiful. And how nice it is to sit in the evening near the lake, admire the fish, beautiful aquatic plants. It is good to decorate a pond, a piece of wildlife created by oneself - small thickets of reeds. About planting and growing reeds on your site is described in this article.
Reeds and cattails are often confused. The three main types of reeds are:
- a plant with long stems up to 2.5 m, with a dense inflorescence up to 10 cm high, in the form of one or more spikelets, is called lake reed. Its rhizome is hollow, creeping;
- reeds with a trihedral stem growing up to 1 m, with long rough leaves, crowned with a greenish panicle in the middle of summer, are called forest reeds. Judging by the name, it can be assumed that it grows in the forest, but in fact it can be found very rarely in the forest more often. It grows in large numbers in the swamp, creates thickets on the wet banks of rivers and lakes;
- drooping reeds came to us from the tropics. It is also grown in the room. Its stems are thin and graceful, like hair, and the flowers are so small that you can hardly notice them. If the temperature drops below +12 degrees C, it must already be brought into heat, otherwise it will disappear. In the spring, it will bloom indoors: small brown spikelets will appear, which will turn into tiny white fluffs closer to summer.
Lake reed deserves special attention. There are such varieties:
- green in summer and bright yellow in spring Golden Spears (Golden Spears);
- one and a half meter bright yellow striped stems of Albescens (Albescens) stand out among the lush greenery;
- a plant with horizontal yellow stripes on green stems is Zebrinus (Zebrinus). The variety is the most decorative. Like all types of reeds, it perfectly purifies water. Here he is in the photo on the right:
Growing reeds
Difficulties in growing reeds should not arise, it is much more difficult to regulate its quantity: it grows very quickly.
The most suitable soil
Even such a not particularly capricious plant as a reed has its own preferences. He loves:
- the soil is neutral or slightly acidic;
- sunny places. In addition to drooping reeds, it does not tolerate direct sunlight, but grows well in the shade;
- not just moisture, but even a swamp. Reeds also grow in water, where the depth reaches 0.3 m.
How to plant reeds
In the country, lake reeds are most often planted. Planting is not much different from planting other aquatic plants:
- before planting reeds, we prepare deep containers with a diameter of at least 15o mm;
- at the bottom we must place drainage;
- mix peat and earth from the compost heap. We place this mixture on top of the drainage;
- we plant the rhizome of the reed and water it well;
- lay out pebbles or rubble on top. Carefully lower to the bottom.
How to propagate
Propagating reeds is easy:
- if you once planted it, then you will propagate by dividing the rhizome in the fall or with the onset of spring. This fully applies to varietal species of reeds, and the wild one also reproduces by seeds. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the reed is by its nature an aggressor;
- by planting reeds on the shore of a reservoir without a container, we will doom ourselves to a serious struggle with it, otherwise it will crowd out all other plants.
How to care
Reeds are not demanding and caring for them consists of:
- in preventing growth;
- timely division of rhizomes;
- checking neighboring containers with other plants. There may well be a creeping root of reeds;
- in the heat it is useful to spray the leaves.
Among the unpretentious species of this plant, there is one sissy: drooping reeds require special care:
- it can be visited by aphids and spider mites, then special insecticides will have to be used;
- cats are passionate fans of drooping reeds. They love it so much that they are literally ready to eat it. So, if you brought the pot into the room for the winter, you will have to take some kind of security measures;
- if the drooping reed is not transplanted annually in the spring, then it will go bald;
- when placing a container with it in an open sunny area, it will not grow: it will turn yellow, and then completely dry out;
- starting from March and throughout the summer, it is fed with fertilizers;
- it is better to propagate it by seeds, then it turns out to be stronger. Having collected seeds from spikelets, they are sown in a mixture, as for a fern: peat, earth, coarse sand. The dishes are placed in a pan with water, and then the sprouted seedlings are placed in separate pots;
- don't forget about humidity. For good development, it should be maintained at a level not lower than 50%. While it is growing in a garden pond, this condition is not difficult to meet, but in winter, spraying every day will help. Its extraordinary beauty is worth these labors.
Interesting: it is believed that drooping reeds have a beneficial effect on representatives of such zodiac signs as crayfish, scorpions and fish, i.e. water.
Reed decor
If you have reeds growing on the site, then you have an excellent natural material for decoration. A special charm will give the cottage a rug woven from lake reeds. It is this type of reed that is most suitable for weaving:
And here's how it's done:
You can decorate a flower pot with reeds:
Consider the manufacture of this decorative element of reeds for your garden in more detail:
- we take dry stalks of reeds;
- rope, preferably hemp;
- do not do without secateurs;
- some suitable containers, for example: from under the paint;
- paint and brush.
That's all, you can start:
- we cut the stems into segments, the length of which slightly exceeds the height of the container;
- we tie the stems into sheaves, approximately 8 pieces;
- we cut the rope in such a way as to cover the future flowerpot times 4.e Folding it in half, we tie the ends;
- insert a sheaf of reeds into the resulting ring and twist the rope. We do the same with the following snopiks. The result should look like a mat, but so far it is connected only at one end, so we cut off another piece of rope of the same length and repeat the operation from the opposite end;
- paint and dry the container;
- we wrap our product around the can and tie the ends.
This wonderful box is also made of lake reeds:
The most ordinary chain-link fence will also look wonderful and unusual if it is decorated with reeds:
There are many interesting ideas for using reeds. Here is one of them:
Reeds - a useful cosmopolitan plant
Reed is a plant of the Sedge family, which can be found in all corners of the world, even in the Arctic regions. There are over 40 varieties of this aquatic and wetland plant.
Description of the reed
This large herbaceous plant prefers to grow in well-lit water or swampy areas. Its main species are perennials, only a few varieties are annuals. Reeds are often mistakenly called cattails and reeds, which vaguely resemble it. The attached video explains the difference between reeds and cattails.
Source: Depositphotos
Lake reed - plant photo
In order to distinguish reeds from other similar plants, it is important to know its characteristic features:
- Straight hollow stem with a smooth shiny surface.
- The stem is crowned with an apical complex spikelet inflorescence - a reddish-brown, rusty-brown or greenish-black spreading panicle.
- Internodes separated by septa.
- The fruit is in the form of a trihedral nut.
- Large rhizome.
This plant is important for both humans and the environment. Medicines, alcohol, paper, packaging material are made from it, and due to its absorbent properties, it is able to purify industrially polluted water bodies. In tropical countries, light dwellings are built from it.
The photo shows an image of a lake reed.
Reed plant: varieties
22 species of reeds grow on the territory of Russia. The most common species are lake and forest.
The lake species is a perennial plant that can reach a length of 1 to 2.5 meters. Thanks to the creeping rhizome, it grows and forms dense thickets; it usually blooms in July-August.
For the lake variety, the following external signs are characteristic:
- A smooth and loose cylindrical stem of green color, the thickness of which can reach 2 cm.
- Paniculate inflorescence up to 8 cm long.
- Oblong spikelets, their length does not exceed 10 cm.
- Brown-red ovoid scales.
- Flattened - trihedral nut is painted in gray.
This plant prefers shallow water reservoirs and is common in all regions of Russia.
The forest variety is less tall - the length of the plant does not exceed 140 cm. It has a shortened rhizome, a straight stem, flat leaves up to 2 cm wide, a large ovoid inflorescence up to 20 cm in length, spikelets of the same shape 3–4 mm long, greenish-black oblong scales, a nutlet 1 mm in size.
It usually blooms in mid-June - July, and the fruits ripen in August. The place of its growth are marshy meadows and banks of reservoirs.
Reeds are great for planting in shallow water. Its roots grow very quickly and subsequently dense thickets are formed. Due to the fact that it purifies water well, drawing out pollution from it, the ecological situation in the places of its growth improves.
The plant that many used to think of as a reed is actually called cattail. Marsh grass with a loose inflorescence from light to dark brown. Cattail belongs (do not be surprised) to the cattail family, writes.
Article "Cattail" of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
(Typha), a genus of monocot plants of the cattail family. Monoecious perennial aquatic or marsh herbs 3 to 4 m high, with a long and thick creeping rhizome. The leaves are mostly broadly or narrowly linear, vaginal, extending from the base of the stem and sometimes exceeding it in length. The flowers are dioecious, small, staminate - naked, pistillate - with a perianth of many thin and long hairs; collected at the top of the stem in 2 dense, mostly cylindrical, inflorescences. The upper inflorescence is loose and narrow, consists of staminate flowers, the lower one is dense and wide, from light to dark brown in color, consists of 3 types of pistillate flowers. The fruit is a nutlet with long hairs. about 20 species found almost all over the globe. There are about 15 species in the USSR, including R. broad-leaved (T. latifolia), R. narrow-leaved (T. angustifolia), R. Laxman (T. laxmannii), growing in the European part, the Caucasus, Siberia and Central Asia and sometimes forming extensive thickets. Southern R. (T. australis, formerly T. angustata) is widespread in Central Asia. R. is used for fodder (when ensiling), as a building material, and for the production of paper. Leaves are used for weaving baskets, mats, ropes, etc. Starch-rich rhizomes are good food for muskrat, nutria, muskrat, etc. Bracts are used to produce cellulose, film, mixed with animal hair - to produce felt; they are stuffed with swimming belts. Some R. are rice field weeds.
It belongs to a completely different family - sedge. According to the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, flowers are in spikelets collected in an umbellate, paniculate or capitate inflorescence.
Article "Reeds" of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
(Scirpus), a genus of perennial, rarely annual plants of the sedge family. The flowers are bisexual, in spikelets collected in an umbellate, paniculate or capitate inflorescence. Perianthous setae mostly 6, rarely absent; stigmas 2-3. Over 250 species around the globe. In the USSR, there are about 20 species growing in moist places and in water. K. lake, or kuga (S. lacustris), often forms extensive thickets, is a peat former; its stems (up to 2.5 m high) are used for weaving various products and as a packaging, heat-insulating and building material, they serve as food for the muskrat and water rat. K. forest (S. sylvaticus) in the form of hay is eaten by cattle, young shoots are a favorite food for deer. S. gracilis (India) and S. prolifer (Africa and Australia) are bred as ornamentals. The genus K. often includes goloschenus (Holoschoenus) and dichostylis (Dichostylis), common in warm-temperate regions of Eurasia. Cane is often incorrectly called a reed - a plant of the grass family.
Reeds are often mistakenly called cane- a plant of the cereal family - notes the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. But the reed looks more like a real reed than an imaginary one (which is actually a cattail).
Reeds and cattails were confused back in the 19th century. You can read about this in the dictionary of Vladimir Dahl. But Dahl also mistakenly ranked reeds as reeds, which, apparently, he described in the article.
The article "Kamysh" in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language by Vladimir Dahl
KAMYSH m. cane; swamp, fistulate, cranked plant Arundo, turn, line; mistakenly confused with cattail, rush, etc. They call reeds and cheretyanka, broom. Pinned reed, stick insect, elders, Scirpus acicularis. Forest reed, S. sylvaticus. As long as the reeds bloom, we will not have a soul. On the Dnieper, roofs are covered with reeds and stoves are heated. Reeds, reeds pl. or reed m. own. reeds cf. sib. reed thickets, swamps, floodplains, reed swamps. Ducks are sitting in the reeds. Wild boars are found in the Caspian reeds. || Reed hen, marsh hen, devil's hen, Gallinula; we have two of them: large and small; || genus titmouse, reed sparrow, birdie Rarus biamicus; Kamyshevak, he, or || Silvia turdoides. || In the song., reeds (h) ki, robbers who have dens in the reeds. Kamyshenka, reed, reed, night. reed, reed rod; || the reed is a reed pipe, a nozzle; || warbler or warbler reed cane, made of dense, Indian reeds, or the so-called natural. Reed or reed, made of reeds, referring to it. Reed fabric, matting, wickerwork, seat on chairs. Reed and natural cane, made of dense Indian cane. Reedy, reedy, similar to reeds, similar in appearance. Reedy, about the place, abundant with reeds, reeds.
Most likely, the confusion with the names came from the prevalence of reeds, its name is more harmonious and eventually passed to other aquatic plants. As one of the visitors remarked
What does the reed look like? Description of the reed
Reeds, in translation - Typha angustifolia, other names: cattail, narrow-leaved cattail, tub, chakan, kiya, kiyashok, phylatika, hoods, sultanchik, priests' hoods, cattail, orobinets, gorobinets, rogiz, stick insect, ears, tyrlych river, thistle, puff, horn.
This representative of the flora belongs to the cattail family. Perennial herbaceous plant with creeping rhizome. The leaves of the reed are narrow-linear, long, grooved below, their color is grayish-green. Flowers unisexual, collected in cylindrical inflorescences.
Male staminate flowers consist of three stamens, at the bottom the filaments are fused together; female pistillate flowers are formed by an oblong stalk pistil and a linear stigma. The fruit is in the form of a small nut.
Where does reed grow?
This plant can be seen growing in abundance in swampy areas, as well as on swampy river banks, it is also found on ponds and lakes, reeds are found from the tundra to subtropical territory.
Used part
The thistle uses the roots and leaves of the plant, as they contain various medicinal substances that help with certain diseases.
Collection and preparation
The roots of the reeds must be dug up in the fall, around September or October, they are shaken off the soil, and then washed well under cool water. Then they are sorted, while it is recommended to discard rotten roots.
The optimum temperature in the drying chamber will be 50 degrees, in such conditions the raw materials will be prepared quickly and efficiently. Then it is recommended to put it in prepared cardboard boxes, or you can use cloth bags in which the dried roots are placed loosely enough.
Containers with finished raw materials are taken to a room where optimal ventilation is established, and the roots are stored for two years, using them for the preparation of medicinal potions. As for the preparation of leaves, they are harvested around the middle of summer, somewhere from July to mid-August.
Cultivation and reproduction
Reed is a rather demanding plant, it can only grow in wet areas, while the soil can be both fertile and clay. This representative of the flora reproduces by dividing the rhizomes in early spring, while it is recommended to use the end segments of the roots.
In addition, the propagation of reeds is carried out with the help of seeds, while for seedlings a certain depth of water must be maintained, in this case it is 15 centimeters, at least.
What is the use of the reed plant?
Angustifolia cattail is often used by folk healers, due to the fact that this plant has a number of medicinal effects on the body, for example, bactericidal, wound healing, antiseptic and hemostatic.
An infusion is prepared from this plant, which has a healing effect in the presence of diarrhea, it also helps to cope with dysentery. In addition to internal use, simply crushed leaves are also used as an external remedy for healing a wound surface, abrasions and cuts, ulcers and other violations of the integrity of the skin, as well as to stop bleeding.
Reed infusion recipe
To prepare a healing infusion, you need 15 grams of leaves, they must be pre-dried. It is recommended to grind the raw materials first to a homogeneous structure, after which it should be poured into the dishes, and then you can scald it with boiling water, and you will need 200 milliliters of water.
Then it is recommended to cover the container with the infusion with a lid and leave to infuse. After an hour or two, the drug can be filtered. To do this, it is better to use gauze, it is folded in two layers, after which it is covered with clean dishes and the liquid is poured.
Chopped reed grass will settle on the gauze, while it is recommended to squeeze it out, and only then you can not get rid of it. Further, the infusion is ready for use, it can be used internally or externally, in order to wash the wound surface.
Storage of the infusion should only take place in the refrigerator, as the drug is subject to rapid fermentation if left at room temperature. It is better to implement it no later than the third day from the moment of its preparation.
Reed decoction recipe
You will need pre-crushed reed roots in the amount of five grams, they should be placed in a bowl, and it is better to use enameled containers, since there will be no oxidation process in it.
Next, boiling water is poured into the container in an amount of 200 milliliters, after which the container is placed in a prepared water bath, while the drug should languish quietly, while vigorous boiling should not be allowed. Further, after ten minutes, the broth is removed, after which it is cooled, and it can be taken for medicinal purposes.
Conclusion
Before you decide to prepare any medicinal drugs from the raw materials of the reed, whether it be the roots or leaves of this plant, it is recommended to consult a doctor first. It is better to refrain from unauthorized use of infusion or decoction, consultation of a qualified doctor will never hurt.
Nature lovers often have to watch near water bodies how reeds sway and sway near the shore. The sound of this plant resembles a quiet night rustling. Fluffy tops seem to look into the lake surface as if into a mirror. Many village children use them for their fun. And today we will talk about a plant called reed. You will learn about plant types, properties, applications, interesting facts about it. Photos of the reed plant will clearly demonstrate to you its main features.
plant description
What is a reed is known to almost everyone. Reed belongs to perennial and annual coastal aquatic plants of the sedge family. There are 300 species of this plant. It grows all over the planet, but is most often found in the temperate and subtropical zones. On the territory of the Russian Federation you can find 20 of its species.
For those who do not know what a reed is, we remind you that it is a perennial, less often an annual plant with a creeping or shortened rhizome. Differs in cylindrical or trihedral leafy stems. The foliage is often scale-like. Inflorescences may consist of one, several or many capitate or paniculate spikelets. The flowers themselves are bisexual.
The word "reed" has a colloquial form - "cattail". The most common is reed, which has trihedral stiff stems with seated, linear, folded leaves resembling sedge. It has spreading and umbrella-shaped inflorescences. In the damp places of the middle zone, there is a lot of the most common forest reeds. You will find a description of the plant later in the article.
We will tell you about the six main types of this plant. You don't know what a reed is? Fans of ponds can easily imagine it right away. Many people confuse it with broad-leaved cattail, but this is a completely different plant of the sedge family.
Places of growth
The habitat of reeds is Europe, Asia, the Caucasus, the Near and Far East, Hindustan, North Africa. It is especially abundant in the Columbia River basin. His favorite places are the banks, river deltas, swamps, ditches. The Japanese even learned to cultivate it to use for weaving.
Most of all, neutral and slightly acidic damp soil is suitable for planting reeds. He loves shallow water and full sunlight. Some species can grow in the shade.
lake view
Often the shores of lakes, rivers, oxbow lakes of the temperate zones of Siberia, Europe, North America, and the Caucasus are decorated with lake reeds. The lake species refers to a perennial plant with a height of 1 to 2.5 m. It has a creeping hollow rhizome. Characterized by cylindrical stems and scale-like leaves. The inflorescences are corymbose-paniculate. The size of the spikelets is 8-12 mm in length. They are brown in color. Near the flowers there may be 1-2 leaves. Flowering occurs at the end of spring, beginning of summer.
The plant is often used to decorate ponds. Its variegated form is used for design. The lake view is distinguished by pale yellow stems up to 1.5 m high.
bristle plant
After our description, it will be more clear to you what reeds are. Another type of it is thyroid. He loves damp sandy places, shores of reservoirs. The zone of its growth is Europe, the Caucasus, south-west of Siberia, Central and Western Asia, India.
The bristle-shaped reed is an annual plant, reaching a height of only 20 cm. It is characterized by numerous thin narrow leaves. On the stems there can be from 1 to 4 small panicles collected at the top of the stem. Near the flower there is one leaf, which is higher than the inflorescence itself. Spikelets have a dark purple hue. This species blooms at the end of May.
forest reeds
Although this species is called forest, in the forests it can be found the least. He loves swamps, overgrown lakes, ponds, swampy river banks, reservoirs. Also, forest reeds prefer damp meadows, lowlands with stagnant water. This species has a creeping rhizome and can reach about a meter in height. The top of the stem looks like a lush panicle. The stem has a trihedral shape and is covered with long leaves, which have a rough structure at the edges. Flowering of forest reeds begins at the end of June. The plant eventually forms extensive thickets.
sea view
Sea reed is considered a close species. It is also assigned to a new separate genus. Its peculiarity is that it is adapted to saline soil and water. It has a creeping rhizome, stems up to 1 m and leaves 3-6 cm wide. The top of the marine species is similar to a brown star-umbellate inflorescence.
The stems are triangular in shape. Its difference from other species is in thickened underground shoots at the ends, resembling small tubers. They are suitable for food because they contain a lot of starch. The tubers are boiled or eaten raw.
Red-brown Tabernemontana
The original Tabernemontana reed is very similar to the lake view. It has reddish-brown spikelets covered with scales and small warts. He loves brackish water. Grows on the banks of rivers and lakes. It is most common in the cold-temperate zone of Eurasia. Why does this species have such a strange name? The fact is that the pseudonym "Tabernemontana" was worn by the German botanist Müller. This reed is named in his honor.
rooting view
The peculiarity of this species is that in the spring it turns brown-red. Leaves turn green in summer. It has very unusual barren stems. They are long and curve beautifully. These bends cause the plant to touch the water, and a new bush begins to sprout. There are many other types of reeds. Among them - pointed, bristle-shaped, decorative.
Propagation and plant care
In nature, the reproduction of reeds occurs with the help of seeds. It also very often comes out by dividing the rhizome. To propagate a certain plant variety, use the division of the bushes. Transplanted in early May or September.
Reed does not require special care. It grows strongly, and its long rhizomes themselves give self-sowing. A rooting form is taken very quickly. For a month or two, he gives a lot of new stems.
The use of reeds, interesting facts
This plant is used to decorate gardens in a natural style. It complements the plant compositions of shallow water. Reeds are an excellent backdrop for spectacular water lilies, egg capsules and other plants that float on the water surface. Shady gardens are also decorated with certain types of reeds. Often it forms an impenetrable wall of stems, resembling a two-meter hedge. The pollen of inflorescences is carried from one plant to another by the wind. It is very useful for reservoirs, because it prevents water pollution.
Reed is good because shopping bags, baskets, mats, rugs are woven from it. They are decorated with wickerwork made of vines. The leaves are used the most. For green products, they are cut in July, and for yellow - in September. To make them elastic, drying is carried out in the shade. Sometimes used as fuel. In the 20th century, reed concrete was made from it for rural construction.
The plant was used not only by Russians, but also by other nations. The British used to insulate castles and huts with them. It made the air dry. were a favorite place for hunters, because wild birds like to hide there.
Among the Egyptians, reeds were also popular. The Old Testament says that the prophet Moses was found in a reed wicker basket. Yes, and in many myths, babies were saved in just such a wicker basket. The Romans sent the babies Romulus and Remus (the founders of Rome) by water in a similar container made of reeds. In one of the hymns to the god of death, Yama, a reed flute is mentioned.
In Central Asia, the plant was added to make gypsum. It was well suited for the construction of floors of buildings in seismically hazardous areas. In Russia, it was used as thermal insulation. In pre-revolutionary times, special reed slabs were made, which were installed in the walls of railway cars.
Healing properties of the forest species
Forest reeds are used quite widely in folk medicine. Healers use its pollen, stems, leaves, rhizomes. It is believed that it restores blood well and heals wounds. For these purposes, even its fluff is used. An ointment is made from it with the addition of oil and lubricated with burns. Diabetes mellitus, gastritis, enteritis, dysentery, diarrhea, heavy menstrual flow with pain, insomnia are treated with the leaves of the plant.
Cane is an excellent diuretic and diaphoretic that normalizes kidney function, reduces swelling, and maintains blood sugar levels. A decoction of the rhizome treats colitis and improves immunity. From the inflorescences of reeds, tea is brewed, which reduces heart pain and shortness of breath. It is worth recalling once again that it contains a lot of starch and ascorbic acid.
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