Waste incineration plant: waste incineration technologies (MSW)
Waste incineration plant is a company that uses the principle of thermal decomposition in its work. Waste incinerators burn MSW at very high temperatures.
The destruction of garbage in such plants helps to reduce the amount of stockpiled, which helps to reduce the amount of land occupied by landfills. A huge amount of household waste and the problem of their disposal today is quite acute, one of the ways to solve it is the construction and commissioning of waste incineration plants. Destruction of garbage in these factories has more advantages. For example, the energy obtained from the combustion of waste can be used as energy for heat supply and electricity supply. To date, all methods of waste processing at such plants are safe for the environment, but only if the latest gas cleaning methods are used, since a huge amount of smoke and harmful substances are released during the combustion of garbage.
So what waste processing technologies are used today at waste incinerators:
1. Layer combustion of waste in the furnace occurs by supplying hot air streams to the garbage located on the grate. Layer combustion is also divided into varieties. This method of disposal of household waste implies a good gas cleaning system, which will clean large volumes of gas emitted during combustion from harmful substances.
2. Fluidized bed technology - waste is divided into homogeneous fractions, which are burned in waste incinerators using an absorbent having a high thermal conductivity, such as sand. With this method of waste disposal, the total amount of harmful substances in the emitted gas is much less.
3. Pyrolysis and gasification - household waste is heated at high pressure and in the complete absence of oxygen, as a result of exposure to temperatures, liquids and gases are formed. The released gas can be used as an energy source. This method is currently considered the safest for the environment.
Today, only 7 waste incineration plants operate in Russia, 4 of them are located in Moscow and the Moscow region. The first waste incineration plant was built in Moscow in 1975 (Spetszavod No. 2). It existed unchanged until 1995, when it was closed for the replacement of technical equipment, due to changes in the standards for the incineration of municipal solid waste and the quality of purification of emitted gases, which the previously operating equipment and technologies used no longer corresponded. In 2000, Waste Incineration Plant No. 2 resumed its work with completely updated equipment. New waste processing lines and a modern gas cleaning system with an automated monitoring system make waste disposal safe for the environment. To date, this waste incineration plant complies with both Russian and European standards for the amount of harmful substances entering the atmosphere.