Do-it-yourself wiring diagram in the country house
Living conditions in a modern dacha are not much different from the comfort of living in a city apartment. Therefore, the number of electrical appliances in a country house, and the power of electricity consumers are practically in no way inferior to urban ones.
Thus, wiring in a modern country house can be considered no less complex electrical system than in the city, and the design and installation of wiring in a country house or in a garden house must be taken seriously and responsibly, not losing sight of even the smallest details.
Essential elements
Wiring in the country, the wiring of which is almost the same as the installation of the electrical network in the apartment, consists of the same elements:
- wires;
- socket boxes;
- distribution boxes;
- circuit breakers;
- switches, sockets, sockets, etc.
The cable must be purchased with two different cross-sectional areas - 2.5 mm2 and 1.5 mm2. A larger wire cross section will be needed to organize the power supply of powerful consumers, such as boilers, pumps, water heaters. The other type is designed to power consumers of lower power - mainly household appliances, lighting in a cottage or in a garden.
Switches and sockets are installed in socket boxes, as can be determined from their name. When installing open-type wiring, these devices are simply not needed.
In distribution boxes, connections and branchings of wires are made in a particular room. Do-it-yourself wiring in the country, regardless of whether it is hidden or open type, will definitely require the installation of several junction boxes.
By means of automatic switches, the electric meter is protected from increased load and, as a result, a short circuit in the country house. Machines will need either a pair or one double.
The purpose of sockets, cartridges, switches is known to every person. The only thing worth focusing on is that sockets are designed for different current strengths.
The listed elements can be called the main ones, to which you will need to add many more different little things, for example, a variety of tools, terminals, electrical tape, cable channels, etc.
Wiring type selection
There are two types of wiring - hidden and open, differing in aesthetic qualities and speed. Open wiring is significantly inferior in the first indicator, while hidden wiring is in another. In addition, there are also other points that must be taken into account when choosing the type and wiring diagram in the cottage and garden:
- operational safety;
- ease of repair;
- the possibility of subsequent reorganization and modernization.
Hidden wiring is much safer than open wiring. The only danger lies in the fact that over time the owner may forget exactly where in the house he has wires and drive a nail directly into the cable. To avoid this trouble, the cable wiring must be done either above the floor or under the ceiling, and the wire output to the outside should be done strictly perpendicular.
A fat minus of hidden wiring in an individual house is the impossibility of repairing it without violating the wall decoration. When repairing open wiring lying on the surface of building structures, no problems arise - the cable channel is opened and access to the cable is open.
With the same ease, the modernization of open wiring is also carried out. Without disturbing the decorative finish of the walls, you can always dismantle or install additional switches and sockets.
Due to its advantages over hidden wiring, open wiring is more often used in the construction of country houses.
An open-type wiring device is produced with much lower labor costs, however, the possibilities for aesthetic design of a room are much inferior to those with hidden wiring.
Wiring
Wiring in the cottage is carried out in the following sequence of work:
- Development of the project and drawing up schemes. It is desirable that a professional developer take up the preparation of project documentation, but in his absence or unwillingness to spend money on his services, it is quite possible to manage on your own. Since the wiring will be done by hand, it is enough to walk around the house and schematically mark the points for the future installation of sockets and switches.
- Sockets and other equipment are installed at the marked points. At this stage, not a complete installation is carried out - they are simply installed and securely fixed.
- Next, you need to install junction boxes mounted under the ceiling or above the floor at sockets and switches. Above the sockets that are extreme in the circuit, the installation of boxes is not needed. In a room in which it is planned to lay out several branches of wires at once, several boxes must be installed.
- Then cable channels are installed. They are either nailed to the wall or screwed into place where the wires run. The essence of the work is that all boxes, sockets, switches are connected by cable channels.
- Upon completion of the installation, the cable channels are connected into a common junction box, and from it a separate channel is diverted to the switchboard, where the meter and circuit breakers are installed.
- Next, you need to do the wiring. Now that all the cable channels are mounted and connected, laying the wire in them will not be any problem, since the channels on the ceiling or on the walls have already drawn a kind of wiring diagram in the country house.
At the final stage of work, it is necessary to connect sockets and switches, connect all cables in boxes and install lighting fixtures. In most cases, such work is carried out in parallel with the laying of wires, which is quite convenient - the chances of forgetting to connect something are minimal, and subsequently you will not need to figure out where this or that cable leads.
Screw terminals installed in switches, sockets and appliances must be tightened as tightly as possible. One of the most common causes of a fire is poor contact.
Connection to power lines
The final stage of the wiring installation is the connection of the house to the power line. Such work is quite dangerous and requires the invitation of an experienced specialist from the power supply company.
Connection should be made from the pole closest to the house. In this case, it is necessary to take into account what material the wires stretched into the power lines are made of - aluminum or copper.
It is forbidden to connect wires made of aluminum and copper by twisting! For these purposes, there are special terminal blocks.
In a power transmission network, several wires are usually stretched at once, among which there are three phase wires. Since the electricity consumption in the country house and garden is relatively small, it is enough to bring only one phase to the home shield.