A set of solar batteries for giving. Installation of solar panels
With the development of autonomous energy sources, it is becoming more and more popular and economically feasible to install solar panels in the country house and at home. In our time, technologies have appeared that make it possible to receive from the sun not only electric current, but also thermal energy in an amount sufficient to heat a house. batteries involves the use of a special system in which water circulates, converting kinetic energy into heat. The heated liquid then enters the special radiator systems installed in the house, and it becomes warmer there.
So far, the only way to use the sun to heat a house is in this way, because if heaters, even economical infrared emitters, are connected to ordinary solar panels, they simply do not have enough power for normal operation.
But let's talk about the panels used as a source of electricity. Installing solar panels as the main source of energy can help solve all power outages at the same time.
What are the types?
They can be conditionally divided into two main types. These are silicon batteries and film batteries.
Film photosensitive elements have just begun to be produced. They are released in Denmark. The advantage is that by deploying a roll of such a film on the roof, it can be cut and adjusted to size. The battery is not very powerful, but it is cheaper than others, because it does not require the most expensive materials to make it.
For the home, which are based on silicon wafers, are still considered the most popular and affordable option. When compared with other types of batteries, silicon can be called the most efficient. Silicon batteries can be monocrystalline or polycrystalline.
Monocrystalline
Monocrystalline panels are made up of interconnected cells, for the production of which the purest silicon is used. This material is obtained by the Czochralski method. When the single crystal solidifies, it is divided into plates, the thickness of which does not exceed 300 microns. These elements are covered with a network of copper conductors, with the help of which electric current is removed from them. Such a solar battery kit for giving is the most efficient, it is able to provide an efficiency of 22% or more. But its price is rather big, because the process of manufacturing panels is quite complicated and expensive.
Polycrystalline solar cells
Molten silicon upon slow cooling forms a so-called polycrystal. This process involves the use of not so much energy, so it is not surprising that solar panels made from polycrystalline for the home are cheaper. The disadvantage of polycrystalline solar panels is their relatively low efficiency (up to 17%). However, there is an advantage (except for the price, of course). It lies in the fact that these batteries are much less demanding on the quality of sunlight. If the efficiency of previous panels drops sharply in cloudy weather, then polycrystalline ones work even at dawn and dusk.
What is included?
There are many options for systems for generating solar energy, but we will consider only one that is popular and in demand, but not the most expensive. This solar battery kit for summer cottages is designed for seasonal use. It is an excellent alternative to the state power supply network. The power of this kit is 1000W. For a month, electricity generation reaches 130 kW / h. The maximum allowable load is 3 kW. The kit includes 4 two batteries, a collector and an inverter. What these devices are and why they are needed is described below.
When paying for the kit, the buyer receives a consultation from a specialist on connection and a diagram. The installation principle is very simple, it is quite possible to cope with it on your own. But if you want, you can pay for the installation by qualified specialists.
The price does not include the price of accessories, wiring, fixtures.
Solar and storage batteries
A similar solar battery kit for giving includes 4 monocrystalline panels. Each of them is capable of generating a sufficiently large amount of electricity. The panels are made using state-of-the-art technology. They are based on optimal combinations of materials. If necessary, you can choose a battery system that is most suitable in a particular case according to its characteristics. The frame of each element is made resistant to bending. The design allows these photovoltaic modules to be mounted quickly and securely. Also included are two A12 series lead-acid batteries. These batteries are used in alternative sources of uninterrupted power supply.
charge controller
One of the devices that must be included in the solar battery system is the charge controller. It is needed to automatically control the process of charging and discharging the panel. The device works in accordance with the algorithm embedded in it, which allows you to optimize battery performance as much as possible. Thanks to this, the device can last much longer and more efficiently.
In the event that the installation of solar panels was done incorrectly, the device is equipped with a self-diagnostic system and protection. Some controllers are equipped with liquid crystal displays, which display the necessary data about the functioning of the system. So you can track the current strength in the network, temperature, duration of work, and so on.
inverter
This is the name of the device that converts the direct current of solar panels and batteries into alternating current 220 V. The frequency of the current output by the device is 50 Hz. The output is an alternating current, the graphical display of which is represented by a sinusoid. It is quite possible to feed all household appliances in the house with this energy. It is used not only in cases where energy is provided by a solar battery. A street or hydro turbine can also provide a current that this device converts.
The instrument manufacturers provide a 2 or 3 year warranty. The system is also equipped with protection against all possible malfunctions, such as high input voltage, overheating, short circuit.
How are the kits installed?
Having bought a solar battery kit for giving, you need to install it correctly.
The PV panel, whatever type it is, is fixed to the roof. It is desirable that the shadow from trees growing nearby does not fall on the panel during the day. It may be necessary to cut branches or remove plants completely.
The panels are not screwed tightly to the roof, they are located at a distance of a decimeter from the coating. This allows air to circulate under the batteries. In addition, the modules will not get so warm from the surface of the tile or other coating.
The remaining devices must be installed in a special room in the house. The room should be kept out of the reach of children and should be freely accessible to whoever will be responsible for overseeing the operation of the system. All household devices that consume low power current can be connected directly to the controller. The rest of the appliances must be powered by an inverter.
Installing such systems is a simple matter; any adult who is familiar with the principles of conducting electrical circuits can do this.
How much does such a kit cost?
So, you have decided to use solar panels for power supply.
The cost of the kit depends on various factors. Among them - the number of solar panels included in the set, their type, type of batteries. The kit, on the example of which this article was written, will cost $ 3019. This price is formed by summing up the cost of all the devices included in it. Four batteries cost $908. Another $877 will cost two batteries. The controller costs 256 conventional units, and the inverter - 977. Of course, you can find cheaper solar panels. Their efficiency will be lower, and they will not last so long, but the problem of providing a country house with electricity will still be solved.