House wiring
Most of us have a small country house or cottage. This is where we strive after a hard week of work in the city. But... The dacha is not only a great place to relax, it is also a place of increased fire hazard.
In most cases, dachas are on fire from short circuit in old or incorrectly made electrical wiring.
If you are going to install house electrical wiring with my own hands, then I will try a few useful tips which will definitely help you and come in handy.
1. The first step is to figure out how many and what electrical appliances you will use in the country. Particular attention should be paid to the most powerful of them - an electric stove, an electric heater, an electric kettle, etc. This is necessary in order to accurately determine the cross-section of the wire that will be used for wiring in the country. After all, if the power consumption of household electrical appliances exceeds the nominal value of the wire, then the insulation on it will melt, and this will lead to a short circuit and fire of the wire, etc. Tip: the cross section of the copper lighting wire is -1.5 mm.kv; section of the copper wire of the line of sockets - 2.5 mm.kv. The same applies to the choice of circuit breakers.
2. We decided on the wire section, now we need to decide how we will lead it. Since a summer house or a country house is a wooden structure, the electrical wiring must be done open (along the wall). For open wiring, several options are suitable for us - laying wires in cable channels, plastic tubes or open laying wires in double insulation. I do not recommend doing the last option, all the same, the wire must be covered with something from mechanical damage. Plastic pipes and cable channels must be made of non-combustible materials, consult the seller before buying them.
3. If your plans include making electrical wiring in the country according to all the rules, then you can’t do without a ground wire and grounding. You can learn about the grounding itself and its installation in the "Grounding" section, everything is described in detail and clearly there. A protective earthing device will protect you from electric shock and protect your property from fire.
4. So we slowly got to the electrical panel in the country (distribution, introductory shield). In the electrical panel, we have an electric energy meter and circuit breakers - a common one (input) and several for separate lines (a line of sockets, a lighting line, etc.).